Answers to questions on Nietzsche

How did Nietzsche understand the concept of truth?
Nietzsche's views on the concept of truth were not fully static in his lifetime. The interesting part about that is that his concept of truth is also not static. As he describes it in his 1873 essay 'On Truth and Lies in a Nonmoral Sense':
"Truth is a movable host of metaphors, metonymies, and anthropomorphisms: in short, a sum of human relations which have been poetically and rhetorically intensified, transferred, and embellished, and which, after long usage, seem to a people to be fixed, canonical, and binding".
He is thus basically saying that truth is created by mankind through communication, meaning there is not one objective truth, and truth will differ between different communities. Nietzsche is basically saying that truth for me, as a Dutch person, is different than for my Colombian classmates.

What literary figures are exposed in the video that help grasp the concept of truth? Please give out examples.
The literary figures discussed in the video are the same ones which Nietzsche mentions in his quote above: metaphors, metonymies and antropomorphisms.
A metaphor is when a word or phrase is applied to a situation where it is not literally applicable. An example of this is saying 'My car is an absolute tank'. Of course the car in question is not literally a tank but rather just a big, heavy car.
A metonymy is when one uses a part or attribute of something to refer to that thing. For example, calling a bussinessman a 'suit' would be using a metonymy.
An antropomorphism is making an object appear and behave in a human manner. An example is Animal Farm by George Orwell.

Why is there a need for lying?
Nietzsche claims lying is done out of self-preservation. He argues society sometimes does not want to hear the exact truth.

What is truth made of?
Truth is developed over centuries and is mainly made of language. However, it can also develop quite quickly. Dr. Sadler gives the example of the word mouse, which in the space of one generation went from just being a word for an animal to also describing a computer mouse.

How do language and art play around the concept of truth?
Not so much as playing around it, language and art create the concept of truth according to Nietzsche. Through language truth is created, which is also why it differs between different language regions.